<glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1565287548" index="8">
<term><content-text>802.11a</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>IEEE standard for wireless LANs that operates in 5 GHz band, uses 52-subcarrier orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) with a maximum raw data rate of 54 Mbps,</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9693661804" index="8">
<term><content-text>802.11b</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The first widely accepted wireless networking standard. Since it operates in the 2.4 GHz band, other devices that operate in the same band can cause interference. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1628416666" index="8">
<term><content-text>802.11g</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>An extension of the 802.11 standard. 802.11g applies to wireless LANs and provides up to 54 Mbps. Since it operates in the 2.4 GHz band, other devices that operate in the same band can cause interference. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5114916062" index="8">
<term><content-text>802.11n</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A proposed new extension to the 802.11 standard. 802.11n applies to wireless LANs and provides up to 540 Mbps in the 2.4 or 5 GHz band.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2715924266" index="A">
<term><content-text>access layer</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The first point of entry into the network for all hosts. The access layer provides a physical connection to the network as well as authentication and traffic control. A component of the Cisco 3-layer network design approach that also includes a distribution layer and a core layer. The access layer provides entry to the network closest to end users.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4885429073" index="A">
<term><content-text>access method</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A set of rules used by LAN hardware to direct traffic on the network. It determines which host or device uses the LAN next.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8215502450" index="A">
<term><content-text>access point</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Wireless LAN transmitter/receiver that acts as a connection between wireless clients and wired networks.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5862521915" index="A">
<term><content-text>ACK</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>acknowledgement. A transmission control character (or a transmission frame) that confirms a transmitted message was received uncorrupted or without errors or that the receiving station is ready to accept transmissions.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5830472275" index="A">
<term><content-text>adware</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A software program that once installed, automatically displays advertising material on a computer. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3901161585" index="A">
<term><content-text>AES</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Advanced Encryption Standard. A symmetric 128-bit block cipher that replaces DES as the U.S. government's cryptographic standard. The algorithm must be used with key sizes of 128 bits, 192 bits, or 256 bits, depending on the application security requirement.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8727564954" index="A">
<term><content-text>AGP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Accelerated Graphics Port. Dedicated high-speed bus that supports the high demands of graphical software. This slot is reserved for video cards only.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4793529189" index="A">
<term><content-text>AIM</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>AOL instant messenge. Instant message service that supports text chat, photo sharing, online gaming, and PC to PC voice using OSCAR instant message protocol and the TOC protocol. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8203122628" index="A">
<term><content-text>AIX</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Advanced Interactive eXecutive. An operating system based on UNIX. Recent versions of AIX can support up to 64 central processing units and two terabytes of random access memory. AIX is a proprietary operating system developed by IBM.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3891529581" index="A">
<term><content-text>Apache web server</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A public-domain, open-source web server for UNIX-type systems, Microsoft Windows, Novell NetWare, and other operating systems.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8151770318" index="A">
<term><content-text>application</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A software program designed to perform a specific task or group of tasks.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1382991584" index="A">
<term><content-text>application layer</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Layer seven of the OSI model. It interfaces directly to and performs common application services for the application processes. It also issues requests to the presentation layer (sixth layer), </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1378158266" index="A">
<term><content-text>ASCII</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>American Standard Code for Information Interchange. 8-bit code for character representation (7 bits plus parity). Each letter of the alphabet is assigned a number from 0 to 127.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5951634911" index="A">
<term><content-text>asynchronous</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Without respect to time. In terms of data transmission, asynchronous means that no clock or timing source is needed to keep both the sender and the receiver synchronized</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1460279315" index="A">
<term><content-text>attenuation</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The reduction of signal energy during transmission.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1250950862" index="A">
<term><content-text>authentication</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A process implemented on a network to verify the identity of a user. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4059838521" index="A">
<term><content-text>Automatic Update</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A software update service for Microsoft Windows operating systems located on the Microsoft website. The types of software updates available include critical system component updates, service packs, security fixes, patches, and free upgrades to Windows components. The Automatic Update service automatically detects the type of existing hardware.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9155087866" index="B">
<term><content-text>backside bus</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A bus within the central processing unit (CPU) that connects the that connects the CPU with the L2 cache using a dual-bus architecture. The CPU determines the speed of the backside bus.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2825492526" index="B">
<term><content-text>backup</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A copy of data saved onto storage media for the purpose of restoring the data and computer operations in case of data loss. Types of backup include full, incremental, and differential. A backup should be physically removed from the source data.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8639286750" index="B">
<term><content-text>baseband</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Characteristic of a network technology where only one carrier frequency is used. Ethernet is an example of a baseband network. Also called narrowband. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4910737652" index="B">
<term><content-text>baseline</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A quantitative expression of planned costs, schedules, and technical requirements for a defined project. A baseline is established to describe the "normal" status of network or computer system performance. The status can then be compared with the baseline at any point to measure the variation from the "normal" operation condition.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1880493913" index="B">
<term><content-text>binary</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Digital signals that are typically expressed as 1 or 0. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9034048605" index="B">
<term><content-text>binary digit</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A digit with only one and zero as possible values, 1 = on and 0 = off.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6254731674" index="B">
<term><content-text>BIOS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Basic Input/Output System. Program stored in a ROM chip in the computer that provides the basic code to control the computer's hardware and to perform diagnostics on it. The BIOS prepares the computer to load the operating system.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4245775091" index="B">
<term><content-text>bit</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The smallest unit of data in a computer. A bit can take the value of either 1 or 0. A bit is the binary format in which data is processed by computers. A bit is also known as a binary digit.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7810931479" index="B">
<term><content-text>blade</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A server component or an individual port card that can be added to a network router or switch for additional connectivity.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1887973641" index="B">
<term><content-text>Blaster worm</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Also known as Lovsan or Lovesan. A DoS worm that spread during August 2003 on computers running the Microsoft operating system Windows 2000/XP.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8226789772" index="B">
<term><content-text>blog</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A web page that serves as a publicly accessible personal journal for an individual.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6202680469" index="B">
<term><content-text>Bluetooth</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Wireless industry standard that uses an unlicensed radio frequency for short-range communication enabling portable devices to communicate over short distances</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3497137596" index="B">
<term><content-text>Blu-ray disc</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A high-density optical disc format used to store digital media, such as high-definition video.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6773274929" index="B">
<term><content-text>boot sector</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A sector of a data storage device typically the hard drive that contains code for booting the operating system when starting the computer. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4440808651" index="B">
<term><content-text>botnet</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Refers to any group of bots. Typically a collection of compromised machines that distribute worms, Trojan horses, or backdoor viruses. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4370595516" index="B">
<term><content-text>bots</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Software applications that run simple and repetitive tasks over the Internet. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7546447654" index="B">
<term><content-text>bottom up</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A troubleshooting technique in a layered concept of networking that starts with the physical or lowest layer and works up. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8132047197" index="B">
<term><content-text>bps</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>bits per second. A unit of measure used to express data transfer rate of bits.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5099565215" index="B">
<term><content-text>broadcast</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A method for sending data packets to all devices on a network. Broadcasts are identified by a broadcast address and rely on routers to keep broadcasts from being sent to other networks. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7998060357" index="B">
<term><content-text>broadcast domain</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Devices within a group that receive the same broadcast frame originating from one of the devices. Broadcast domains are typically bounded by routers because routers do not forward broadcast frames.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2145535512" index="B">
<term><content-text>broadcast MAC address</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Hardware address reserved for frames that are intended for all hosts on a local network segment. Generally, a broadcast address is a MAC destination address of all ones. A broadcast MAC address has the hexadecimal form of FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6462758654" index="B">
<term><content-text>browser</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A GUI-based hypertext client application used to access hypertext documents and other services located on innumerable remote servers throughout the WWW and Internet.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8956482983" index="B">
<term><content-text>brute force attack</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A method used to gain access to a network or decrypt a message by systematically entering all possible combinations. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1019021429" index="B">
<term><content-text>BSS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>basic service set. A group of 802.11 devices connected to an access point.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2324771989" index="B">
<term><content-text>business software</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>An application designed for use in specific industries or markets.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2316878711" index="B">
<term><content-text>byte</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A unit of measure that describes the size of a data file, the amount of space on a disk or other storage medium, or the amount of data being sent over a network. One byte consists of eight bits of data.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5555661378" index="C">
<term><content-text>cable modem</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Hardware that connects a computer to the cable company network through the same coaxial cabling that feeds cable TV (CATV) signals to a television set.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7048114931" index="C">
<term><content-text>cache</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A data storage area that provides high-speed access for the system.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2720290288" index="C">
<term><content-text>cache memory</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A block of memory in the data storage area that provides the system high-speed access to the data.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1883593917" index="C">
<term><content-text>CAD</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>computer-aided design. Application used for creating architectural, electrical, and mechanical design. More complex forms of CAD include solid modeling and parametric modeling, which allow objects to be created with real-world characteristics.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4954556876" index="C">
<term><content-text>CD</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>compact disc. Optical storage media for audio and data</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9849831374" index="C">
<term><content-text>CD-R</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>compact disc-recordable. Optical media that allows data to be recorded but not modified.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5446967314" index="C">
<term><content-text>CD-ROM drive</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>compact disc read only-memory drive. A storage device that reads information that is stored on a compact disc (CD).</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8436354104" index="C">
<term><content-text>CD-RW</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>compact disc-rewritable. Optical storage media that allows data to be recorded and modified.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1631325430" index="C">
<term><content-text>cell phone</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A portable device that uses wireless communication methods to access a telephone network. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4303885998" index="C">
<term><content-text>checksum</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Method for checking the integrity of transmitted data. A checksum is an integer value computed from a sequence of octets taken through a series of arithmetic operations. The value is recomputed at the receiving end and compared for verification.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2437477105" index="C">
<term><content-text>chipset</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Integrated circuits on a motherboard that enable the CPU to communicate and interact with the other components of the computer.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5636842015" index="C">
<term><content-text>circuit</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The communication path between two or more points that a current or data transmission follows.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3568054526" index="C">
<term><content-text>Class A</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A Class A address has four octets. The first octet is between 1 and 26.The other three octets are used for host addressing. A Class A network can have 16,777,214 hosts.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5622964626" index="C">
<term><content-text>Class B</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A Class B address has four octets. The first octet is between 128 and 191. The first two octets are used to identify the network. The last two octets are for host addressing. A Class B network can have 16,384 networks and 65,534 hosts.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6370947922" index="C">
<term><content-text>Class C</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A Class C address has four octets. The first octet is between 192 and 223. The first three octets identify the network. The last octet is for host addressing. A Class C network can have 2,097,152 networks and 254 hosts.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6388237363" index="C">
<term><content-text>Class D</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A Class D address has four octets. The first octet is between 224 and 239. Class D is used for multicasting.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5221545487" index="C">
<term><content-text>Class E</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A Class E address has four octets. The first octet is between 240 and 255. Class E IP addressing is reserved.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3158867591" index="C">
<term><content-text>classful addressing</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The division of IP addresses into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E. There is a fixed number of networks and hosts associated with each class.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1266784798" index="C">
<term><content-text>CLI</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>command line interface. User interface to a computer operating system or application.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9238045451" index="C">
<term><content-text>client</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A network device that participates in a client/server relationship by requesting a service from a server. When a computer is used to access the Internet, the computer is the client and the website is the service requested from the server.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8253741369" index="C">
<term><content-text>cloud</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A symbol that refers to connections in service provider networks.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3016943479" index="C">
<term><content-text>CMTS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>cable modem termination system. A component located at the local cable television company that exchanges digital signals with cable modems on a cable network.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3377755803" index="C">
<term><content-text>collaboration suite</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Application designed to allow the sharing of resources and information within and between organizations.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2842101568" index="C">
<term><content-text>collision</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>In Ethernet, the result of two or more devices transmitting simultaneously. The frames from each device impact and are damaged when they meet on the physical media. All computer networks require a mechanism to prevent collisions or to recover quickly when they occur.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3393747033" index="C">
<term><content-text>collision domain</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>In Ethernet, the network area where data that is being transmitted simultaneously from two or more computers could collide. Repeaters and hubs propagate collisions; LAN switches, bridges and routers do not.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2422722618" index="C">
<term><content-text>command.com</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Command line interpreter for DOS and 16/32bits versions of Windows (95/98/98 SE/Me). It is the first program run after boot and sets up the system by running the autoexec.bat configuration file. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7119959780" index="C">
<term><content-text>computer</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Electrical machine that can execute a list of instructions and perform calculations based on those instructions. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4509590679" index="C">
<term><content-text>computer name</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Identity of an end-user computer on a wired or wireless network. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1682694745" index="C">
<term><content-text>connection-oriented</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Protocol to establish an end-to end connection before data is sent so that data arrives in the proper sequence.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2213084992" index="C">
<term><content-text>content filtering</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Blocking specific types of web content using content-control or spam blocking solutions.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2129897181" index="C">
<term><content-text>continuity</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The state or quality of being continuous or unbroken. End-to-end continuity tests on cable media can verify that there are no opens or shorts.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2601107784" index="C">
<term><content-text>controller card</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A board, such as a SCSI controller card, that interfaces between the motherboard and a peripheral. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6042135113" index="C">
<term><content-text>converged network</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A network capable of carrying voice, video, and digital data.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text>Converged networks</content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8399511718" index="C">
<term><content-text>convergence</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The speed and ability of a group of internetworking devices running a specific routing protocol to agree on the topology of an internetwork after a change in that topology.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5860280595" index="C">
<term><content-text>Core Layer</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>One of three basic layers in the hierarchical design of Ethernet networks. The Core Layer is a high-speed backbone layer designed to move large amounts of data quickly. High-speed switches or routers are examples of Core Layer devices. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5498122911" index="C">
<term><content-text>CPE</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>customer premises equipment. Terminating equipment, such as terminals, telephones, and modems, supplied by the telephone company, installed at customer sites, and connected to the telephone company network. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5677468237" index="C">
<term><content-text>CPU</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>central processing unit. Interprets and processes software instructions and data. Located on the motherboard, the CPU is a chip contained on a single integrated circuit called the microprocessor. The CPU contains two basic components, a control unit and an Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU).</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1743480917" index="C">
<term><content-text>cracker</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Term used to describe a person who creates or modifies computer software or hardware with the intent to cause harm.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4401799125" index="C">
<term><content-text>CSMA/CA</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance. The basic medium access method for 802.11 wireless networks.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2906026567" index="C">
<term><content-text>CSMA/CD</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>carrier sense multiple access with collision detection. The basic access method for Ethernet networks.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2242087860" index="C">
<term><content-text>CTS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>clear to send. Along with request to send (RTS), is used by the 802.11 wireless networking protocol to reduce frame collisions introduced by the hidden terminal problem and exposed node problem.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6042510760" index="C">
<term><content-text>cuteFTP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Series of FTP client applications providing a simple file transfer interface for Windows-based or Mac-based systems.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3948767416" index="D">
<term><content-text>data communication</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The transfer of encoded information through devices and connections using an electrical transmission system.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8500661691" index="D">
<term><content-text>data link layer</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Layer two of the OSI model. It responds to service requests from the network layer and issues service requests to the physical layer.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2047930972" index="D">
<term><content-text>data loss</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A state where information is unavailable permanently. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5026482405" index="D">
<term><content-text>database</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Organized collection of data that can be easily accessed, managed, indexed, searched, and updated.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1779047648" index="D">
<term><content-text>datagram</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Logical grouping of information sent as a network layer unit over a transmission medium without prior establishment of a virtual circuit. IP datagrams are the primary information units in the Internet.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3939467183" index="D">
<term><content-text>DDoS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>distributed denial of service. An attack by multiple systems on a network that floods the bandwidth or resources of the targeted system, such as a web server, with the purpose to shut it down.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9407170877" index="D">
<term><content-text>de facto standard</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Format, language, or protocol that becomes a standard because it is widely used. De jure standard, in contrast, is one that exists because of approval by an official standards body.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2662576189" index="D">
<term><content-text>decode</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>To transform encoded information into information that is readable to a program or a user.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7075057433" index="D">
<term><content-text>default gateway</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The route taken so that a computer on one segment can communicate with a computer on another segment.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text>Default gateway</content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5295761206" index="D">
<term><content-text>demilitarized zone (DMZ)</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Describes the area in a network design that is located between the internal network and external network, usually the Internet. It is used for devices accessible to Internet traffic such as the web server, FTP server, SMTP server, and DNS. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9561652247" index="D">
<term><content-text>desktop computer</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Type of computer designed to fit on top of a desk, usually with the monitor on top of the computer to conserve space.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5346433857" index="D">
<term><content-text>destination host</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The computer or other network device that receives data.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6920920205" index="D">
<term><content-text>DHCP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol requests and assigns an IP address, default gateway, and DNS server address to a network host.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2254099934" index="D">
<term><content-text>DHCP acknowledgement</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol acknowledgement. DHCP is a software utility that automatically assigns IP addresses in a large network. A server sends a DHCP acknowledgement back to the client when it receives a DHCPREQUEST from the client.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4625756185" index="D">
<term><content-text>DHCP binding</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol binding. DHCP is a software utility that automatically assigns IP addresses in a large network. A DHCP binding occurs when an IP address is assigned to a client. The client leases the IP address until the connection is ended. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5078150275" index="D">
<term><content-text>DHCP client table</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol client table. DHCP is a software utility that automatically assigns IP addresses in a large network. A DHCP client table is located on the DHCP server and records the assigned IP addresses, MAC addresses, and the amount of time an address is leased.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8434353569" index="D">
<term><content-text>DHCP discovery</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol discovery. A packet sent out by the client on a local physical subnet to find available servers. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8345004649" index="D">
<term><content-text>DHCP offer</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol offer. A packet sent out by the client requesting an extension on the lease of the IP address. This is done by reserving an IP address for the client and broadcasting a DHCPOFFER message across the network.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1699740912" index="D">
<term><content-text>DHCP pool</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol pool. Reserved sets of IP addresses stored on a DHCP server to be dynamically assigned to clients. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2773658130" index="D">
<term><content-text>DHCP range</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol range. A contiguous list of IP addresses in a DHCP pool.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2059827112" index="D">
<term><content-text>DHCP request</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol request. When the client computer accesses the network, a DHCP packet is sent out by the client requesting a lease if necessary. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9970727309" index="D">
<term><content-text>DHCP server</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a set of rules for dynamically assigning IP addresses to devices on a network. A DHCP server manages and assigns the IP addresses and ensures that all IP addresses are unique.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8359893374" index="D">
<term><content-text>dial-up</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A form of Internet access using a modem and the public telephone system to dial into an Internet service provider to establish a connection.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3412381125" index="D">
<term><content-text>digital</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A discontinuous signal that changes from one state to another. Also, a data format that uses at least two distinct states to transmit information.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5406580575" index="D">
<term><content-text>DIP switch</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>dual in-line package switch. An electrical switch for a dual in-line package used on a printed circuit board.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6555317261" index="D">
<term><content-text>disk storage</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Space on a hard disk or magnetic storage media disk to store data.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6295337975" index="D">
<term><content-text>distribution system</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A network that interconnects multiple BSSs to form an ESS in a wireless LAN. In most part, a distribution system is a wired Ethernet network.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5666203103" index="D">
<term><content-text>divide and conquer</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A troubleshooting technique in a layered concept of networking that can start at any layer and work up or down depending on the outcome. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8771627932" index="D">
<term><content-text>DNS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Domain Name System. System that provides a way to map friendly host names, or URLs, to IP addresses.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6370379992" index="D">
<term><content-text>docking station</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Device that attaches a laptop to AC power and desktop peripherals.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3025994781" index="D">
<term><content-text>DoS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>denial of service. An attack by a single system on a network that floods the bandwidth or resources of the targeted system, such as a web server, with the purpose to shut it down.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9966465101" index="D">
<term><content-text>dotted decimal notation</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A method of common notation for IP addresses in the form a.b.c.d where each number a represents, in decimal, 1 byte of the 4-byte IP address. Also called dot address.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4269859095" index="D">
<term><content-text>driver</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Specialized software that interprets the output of a device so it can be understood by other devices. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8174027970" index="D">
<term><content-text>DSL</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>digital subscriber line. Public network technology that delivers high bandwidth over conventional copper wiring at limited distances. Always-on technology that allows users to connect to the Internet.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5629500012" index="D">
<term><content-text>DSLAM</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>digital subscriber line access multiplexer. A device that allows two or more data sources to share a common transmission medium. DSLAM separates DSL phone and data signals and directs them onto networks.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4946617422" index="D">
<term><content-text>dual core CPU</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Two cores inside a single CPU chip. Both cores can be used together to increase speed, or they can be used in two locations at the same time.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6692390478" index="D">
<term><content-text>DVD</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>digital video disc. Optical digital disc that stores data. Also called digital versatile disc.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9939184040" index="D">
<term><content-text>DVD-R</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>digital video disc-recordable. Technology that allows a DVD to be written to once.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7845060486" index="D">
<term><content-text>DVD-RW</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>digital video disk-rewritable. Technology that allows the media to be recorded multiple times.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2728202150" index="D">
<term><content-text>Dynamic and/or Private Ports</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>TCP or UDP ports in the range of 49152-65535 that are not used by any defined application.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8237634861" index="E">
<term><content-text>EAP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Extensible Authentication Protocol. An authentication framework, not a specific authentication mechanism. Most commonly used in wireless LANs, EAP provides common functions and a negotiation of the desired authentication mechanism.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6526304882" index="E">
<term><content-text>EIA</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Electronic Industries Alliance. A trade association that establishes standards for electrical and electronics products.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7067999952" index="E">
<term><content-text>e-learning</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Type of educational instruction using electronic delivery methods such as CD-ROMs, video conferencing, websites, and e-mail.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9305031068" index="E">
<term><content-text>electromagnetic wave</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A self-propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components classified in order of increasing frequency; radio waves, microwaves, terahertz radiation, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5780011600" index="E">
<term><content-text>email</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Ability for users to communicate over a computer network. The exchange of computer-stored messages by network communication.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6015565916" index="E">
<term><content-text>EMI</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>electromagnetic interference. Interference by electromagnetic signals that can cause reduced data integrity and increased error rates on transmission channels. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3749583044" index="E">
<term><content-text>encryption</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The application of a specific algorithm to data so as to alter the appearance of the data making it incomprehensible to those who are not authorized to see the information. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6110887304" index="E">
<term><content-text>ESD</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>electrostatic discharge. Discharge of static electricity from one conductor to another conductor of a different potential.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6547276735" index="E">
<term><content-text>ESS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>extended service set. A collection of BSSs that communicate with one another through the distribution system (usually the wired Ethernet port on an access point).</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3598535177" index="E">
<term><content-text>Ethernet cross-over cable</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Network cable with transmit and receive wire pairs that are crossed. The cross-over design allows similar devices, such as switch-to-switch, to communicate.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8862610953" index="E">
<term><content-text>expansion slot</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Location in a computer where a PC card can be inserted to add capabilities, such as memory or device support, to the computer.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6844074184" index="E">
<term><content-text>ext2</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>second extended file system. File system for the Linux kernel designed to reduce internal fragmentation and mimimize searching by dividing the space into blocks.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1923220518" index="E">
<term><content-text>ext3</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>third extended file system. A journalled file system for the Linux operating system. <br/></p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5936432307" index="E">
<term><content-text>extranet</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Network designed to provide access to specific information or operations of an organization to suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1064935888" index="F">
<term><content-text>FAT</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>file allocation table. A table of records that the operation system uses to store information about the location of every directory, subdirectory, and file on the hard drive. FAT is stored in track 0 on the hard drive.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3460044501" index="F">
<term><content-text>FDD</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>floppy disk drive. Device that spins a magnetically coated floppy disk to read data from and write data to it.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9547683883" index="F">
<term><content-text>FEXT</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>far end cross(X) talk. A measurement of crosstalk between pairs of wires used when testing Category 5E or Category 6 cabling. FEXT is measured at the receiving end of the cable.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2921415274" index="F">
<term><content-text>fiber optics</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The transmission of light pulses containing data along glass or plastic wire or fiber. Optical fiber carries more information than conventional copper wire and is less susceptible to electromagnetic interference.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9311728066" index="F">
<term><content-text>file system</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A method used by the operating system to store and organize files. Types of file systems include FAT32, NTFS, HPFS, ext2, and ext3. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1451675429" index="F">
<term><content-text>firewall</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A device or application installed on a network to protect it from unauthorized users and malicious attacks. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6185837020" index="F">
<term><content-text>firmware</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Software embedded in a hardware device typically provided on flash ROMs or as a binary image file that can be uploaded onto existing hardware by a user.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4982282034" index="F">
<term><content-text>Flash storage</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A portable memory hard drive used to store and transport data. Flash storage devices typically have a USB interface and are small, lightweight, removable, and rewritable.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1144963436" index="F">
<term><content-text>frame</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Logical grouping of information sent over a transmission medium as a data link layer unit. Often refers to the header and trailer, used for synchronization and error control, that surround the user data contained in the unit. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4714141584" index="F">
<term><content-text>frontside bus</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A bi-directional bus that carries electronic signals between the central processing unit (CPU) and other devices, such as RAM and hard disks.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8734418930" index="F">
<term><content-text>FTP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>File Transfer Protocol. Application protocol that is part of the TCP/IP protocol stack, used for transferring files between network devices.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9812962455" index="F">
<term><content-text>full duplex</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Data transmission that can go two ways at the same time. An Internet connection using DSL service is an example of full duplex.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8077721521" index="G">
<term><content-text>gaming device</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Powerful computers with higher quality displays used for the purpose of playing video games designed for a particular operating system.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7364538927" index="G">
<term><content-text>GB</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>gigabyte. 1,073,741,824, or approximately 1 billion bytes</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6740758393" index="G">
<term><content-text>general use software</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>An application that is found on most computers home or business computers, such as Microsoft Word, </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1480777604" index="G">
<term><content-text>GHz</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>gigahertz. Common measurement of a processor equal to one billion cycles per second</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9134654981" index="G">
<term><content-text>GNU</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>An operating system that functions using only free software. <br/></p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3360308263" index="G">
<term><content-text>GPL</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>general public license. A license for free and open source operating system software. In contrast to commercial operating system software such as Windows XP, a GPL allows the operating system software, such as Linux and BSD, to be modified. Also called GNU general public license. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2463110497" index="G">
<term><content-text>GUI</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>graphical user interface. User-friendly interface that uses graphical images and widgets, along with text, to indicate the information and actions available to a user when interacting with a computer.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4804354446" index="H">
<term><content-text>hacker</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Term used to describe a person who creates or modifies computer software or hardware with the intent to test network security or to cause harm. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8092204468" index="H">
<term><content-text>half duplex</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Data transmission that can go two ways, but not at the same time. Telephones and two-way radios are examples of half duplex.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8968106701" index="H">
<term><content-text>handheld</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Small computing device with input and output capabilities, such as a touch screen or miniature keyboard and display screen.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3596000534" index="H">
<term><content-text>hard disk</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Primary storage medium on a computer.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8144124348" index="H">
<term><content-text>hardware</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Physical electronic components that make up a computer system. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6557198492" index="H">
<term><content-text>hardware platform</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Computer hardware components that use the same unique binary-coded machine language to communicate. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8487211537" index="H">
<term><content-text>header</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Control information placed before data when encapsulating that data for network transmission.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8635345100" index="H">
<term><content-text>hexadecimal</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Using a base 16 number system, s number representation using the digits 0 through 9, with their usual meaning, plus the letters A through F to represent hexadecimal digits with values of 10 to 15. The right-most digit counts ones, the next counts multiples of 16, then 16^2=256, etc. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7990448732" index="H">
<term><content-text>horizontal application</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Software that can be used across a broad range of the market, such as an office suite.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3145437112" index="H">
<term><content-text>host</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A device that directly participates in network communication. A host can use network resources that are available and/or provide network resources to other hosts on the network.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8868071280" index="H">
<term><content-text>hot-swappable</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The ability to remove, replace, and add peripherals while a system is running.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6544220230" index="H">
<term><content-text>HPFS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>high performance file system. A file system that is able to handle 2TB-volume or 2GB-file disks, and 256-byte file names.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2087675322" index="H">
<term><content-text>HP-UX</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Hewlett-Packard UNIX. A modified version of UNIX used on proprietarty Hewlett-Packard operating systems. HP-UX uses clustering technology, kernal based intrusion detection, and various types of system partitioning.<br/></p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5478374543" index="H">
<term><content-text>HTML</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>HyperText Markup Language. Coding language used to create documents for the World Wide Web.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3304625960" index="H">
<term><content-text>HTTP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Hypertext Transfer Protocol. A method used to transfer or convey information on the World Wide Web.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4995994937" index="H">
<term><content-text>HTTP cookie</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Small packet of data created by a server and sent to a user's browser and back to the server for authenticating, tracking, and maintaining specific user information, such as site preferences.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8122028774" index="H">
<term><content-text>hub</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A device that serves as the central point of connection for the devices on a LAN.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9952378229" index="H">
<term><content-text>Hz</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>hertz. A unit of frequency measurement. It is the rate of change in the state, or cycle, in a sound wave, alternating current, or other cyclical waveform. Hertz is synonymous with cycles per second, and it describes the speed of a computer microprocessor.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8664010999" index="I">
<term><content-text>IANA</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. Internet body that oversees global IP address allocation, DNS root zone management, and other Internet protocol assignments.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6377497195" index="I">
<term><content-text>IBSS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>independent basic service set. An 802.11 network comprised of a collection of stations that communicate with each other, but not with a network infrastructure.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4005500510" index="I">
<term><content-text>identity theft</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Personal information stolen for fraudulent purposes. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8588164645" index="I">
<term><content-text>IDS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Intrusion detection system. A combination of a sensor, console, and central engine in a single device installed on a network to protect against the attacks a conventional firewall can miss. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9972868897" index="I">
<term><content-text>IE</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Internet Explorer. Proprietary web browser developed by Microsoft.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4806904658" index="I">
<term><content-text>IEEE</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, A professional organization whose activities include the development of communications and network standards. IEEE LAN standards are the predominant LAN standards today.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4488269516" index="I">
<term><content-text>IIS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Internet Information Services. Set of Internet-based services for servers using Microsoft Windows.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5215434107" index="I">
<term><content-text>IMAP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Internet Message Access Protocol. An application layer Internet protocol that allows a local client to access e-mail on a remote server.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2657478304" index="I">
<term><content-text>impedance</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Measurement of the opposition to the flow of alternating current. Impedance is measured in ohms.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4300755966" index="I">
<term><content-text>infrared</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Electromagnetic waves with a frequency range above that of microwaves, but below that of the visible spectrum. LAN systems based on this technology represent an emerging technology. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4663229174" index="I">
<term><content-text>infrastructure wireless network</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Uses spread-spectrum technology, based on radio waves, to enable communication between devices in a limited area, also known as the BSS with at least one wireless station and an AP.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7657612291" index="I">
<term><content-text>input device</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A device that transfers data into the computer. This includes the keyboard, mouse, scanner, and so on.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9965153761" index="I">
<term><content-text>instant messaging</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A real-time text-based method of communication conducted over a network between two or more users.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9569086782" index="I">
<term><content-text>integrated application</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Commonly used applications combined into a single package, such as an office suite.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1025609945" index="I">
<term><content-text>integrated service router</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Device that forwards packets from one network to another based on network layer information. And integrated service router provides secure Internet and intranet access. Normally used in home and small office environments.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3962744012" index="I">
<term><content-text>interface</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>1) The connection between two systems or devices. 2) In routing terminology, a network connection. 3) In telephony, a shared boundary defined by common physical interconnection characteristics, signal characteristics, and meanings of interchanged signals. 4) The boundary between adjacent layers of the OSI model.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4934879209" index="I">
<term><content-text>International Organization for Standardization (IS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Group of representatives from 158 countries, responsible for worldwide industrial and commercial standards.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7650059357" index="I">
<term><content-text>Internet</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Largest global internetwork that connects tens of thousands of networks worldwide.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5209294493" index="I">
<term><content-text>Internet backbone</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Networks with national access points that transport Internet traffic. An Internet service provider uses a router to connect to the backbone. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4478389122" index="I">
<term><content-text>intranet</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Network designed to be accessible only to internal employees of an organization. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7472047017" index="I">
<term><content-text>IP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Internet Protocol. The network layer protocol in the TCP/IP stack that offers internetwork service. IP provides features for addressing, type-of-service specification, fragmentation and reassembly, and security.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1154051982" index="I">
<term><content-text>IP address</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Internet Protocol address. A 32-bit binary number that is divided into 4 groups of 8 bits, known as octets. IP address is a form of a logical address scheme that provides source and destination addressing and, in conjunction with routing protocols, packet forwarding from one network to another toward a destination.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3633165765" index="I">
<term><content-text>ipconfig</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A DOS command that displays the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway configured on a PC.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7230880386" index="I">
<term><content-text>IPS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Intrusion prevention system. An extension of IDS. Based on application content, IPS enhances access control to protect computers from exploitation. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8879739844" index="I">
<term><content-text>IPtel</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Internet Protocol telephony. Method to transmit telephone calls over the Internet using packet-switched technology. Also called voice over IP (VoIP).</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2476106737" index="I">
<term><content-text>IPTV</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Internet Protocol television. Method to transmit video using IP packets. Instead of cable or air, IPTV uses the transport protocol of the Internet to deliver video.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8802779947" index="I">
<term><content-text>IPv4</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Internet Protocol version 4. The current Internet Protocol version.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9573182660" index="I">
<term><content-text>IPv6</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Internet Protocol version 6. The next generation of Internet Protocol.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5549597552" index="I">
<term><content-text>IrDA</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>infrared data association. Defines protocol standards for the short range exchange of data over infrared light for uses such as PANs.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3174627010" index="I">
<term><content-text>ISM</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>industrial, scientific, and medical bands. Radio bands defined by the ITU-R in 5.138 and 5.150 of the Radio Regulations and shared with license-free, error-tolerant communications applications such as wireless LANs and Bluetooth.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3375010546" index="I">
<term><content-text>ISP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Internet service provider. Company that provides Internet service to home users, such as the local phone or cable company.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8982130977" index="I">
<term><content-text>IV</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>initialization vector. A data type that executes an algorithm for a unique encryption stream.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9189463850" index="J">
<term><content-text>jumper</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A pair of prongs that are electrical contact points set into the computer motherboard or an adapter card.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7288621918" index="K">
<term><content-text>kb</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>kilobit. 1024, or approximately 1000, bits.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5709387240" index="K">
<term><content-text>kbps</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A measurement of the amount of data that is transferred over a connection such as a network connection. A data transfer rate of 1 kbps is a rate of approximately 1000 bits per second.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1676936142" index="K">
<term><content-text>kernel</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The main module of the operating system that provides the essential services that are needed by applications. The kernel is responsible for managing the system resources and the communication between hardware and software components.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7811339840" index="K">
<term><content-text>kilobyte</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>1024, or approximately 1000, bytes. KB</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5676589623" index="L">
<term><content-text>laptop</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Small form factor computer designed to be mobile, but operates much the same as a desktop computer. Laptop hardware is proprietary and usually more expensive than desktop hardware.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3106099024" index="L">
<term><content-text>laser</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Analog transmission device in which a suitable active material is excited by an external stimulus to produce a narrow beam of coherent light that can be modulated into pulses to carry data.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9999069217" index="L">
<term><content-text>LED</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>light-emitting diode. Type of computer display that illuminates display screen positions based on the voltages at different grid intersections. Also called a status indicator, the LED indicates whether components inside the computer are on or working.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7898442205" index="L">
<term><content-text>Linux</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Open-source operating system that can be run on various computer platforms.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1273917054" index="L">
<term><content-text>local application</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A software program that is installed and executed on a single computer.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4326615834" index="L">
<term><content-text>logical address</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The network layer address that refers to a logical, rather than a physical, network device.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5232135004" index="L">
<term><content-text>Lotus Notes</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A client-server, collaborative application that provides integrated desktop client option primarily for accessing business e-mail, calendars and applications on an IBM Lotus Domino server.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3469255115" index="M">
<term><content-text>MAC address</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Media Accesss Control address. A standardized data link address that is required for every port or device that connects to a LAN. Other devices in the network use MAC addresses to locate specific ports in the network and to create and update routing tables and data structures. In Ethernet standard, MAC addresses are 6 bytes long.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9264676407" index="M">
<term><content-text>MAC filtering</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Access control method that permits and denies network access based on MAC addresses to specific devices through the use of blacklists and whitelists.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3071301562" index="M">
<term><content-text>MAC table</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Media Access Control table. Table containing MAC addresses of particular ports. A MAC table is used by a switch to identify the destination MAC address.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3382908214" index="M">
<term><content-text>mainframe</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A powerful machine that consists of centralized computers that are usually housed in secure, climate-controlled rooms. End users interface with the computers through dumb terminals.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6742384855" index="M">
<term><content-text>manual IP address</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>An IP address that is not obtained automatically, but is manually configured on a computer by the system administrator or user.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1595770482" index="M">
<term><content-text>Mb</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>megabit. 1,048,576, or approximately 1 million, bits.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3565064500" index="M">
<term><content-text>megabyte</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>MB. 1,048,576, or approximately 1 million, bytes).</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7915748697" index="M">
<term><content-text>megapixel</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>One million pixels, Image resolution is calculated by multiplying the number of horizontal pixels by the number of vertical pixels.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5439907604" index="M">
<term><content-text>memory</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The physical internal storage medium that holds the data.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2589995978" index="M">
<term><content-text>memory key</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A USB flash drive.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6195964072" index="M">
<term><content-text>MHz</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>megahertz . A unit of frequency that equals at one million cycles per second. This is a common measurement of the speed of a processing chip.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1197172769" index="M">
<term><content-text>Microsoft Exchange Server</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A messaging and collaborative software with e-mail, shared calendars and tasks, support for mobile and web-based access to information, and support for large amounts of data storage.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7438001355" index="M">
<term><content-text>Microsoft Outlook</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Information manager in the Microsoft Office suite providing an e-mail application, calendar, task and contact management, note taking, and journal.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1968858003" index="M">
<term><content-text>modem</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>modulator-demodulator. Device that converts digital computer signals into a format that is sent and received over an analog telephone line.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8634835602" index="M">
<term><content-text>Morse code</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A coding system that expresses alphabetical characters as pulses of different durations.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6521100504" index="M">
<term><content-text>motherboard</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The main circuit board in a computer. The motherboard connects all the hardware in the computer.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5049355675" index="M">
<term><content-text>MSN Messenger</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Instant messaging client developed and distributed for computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5720606577" index="M">
<term><content-text>multiboot</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>An open standard configuration on a partitioned hard drive where each partition has an operating system, files, and configuration settings. <br/></p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5111603003" index="M">
<term><content-text>multicast</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>When a host needs to send messages using a one-to-many pattern, it is referred to as a multicast.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4744512912" index="M">
<term><content-text>multitasking</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The practice of running two or more applications at the same time. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8097665524" index="M">
<term><content-text>Mutual Authentication</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Also known as two-way authentication. Refers to a user or client computer identifying itself to a server and the server identifying itself to the user or client computer so that both are verified. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2554328676" index="N">
<term><content-text>NAP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>network access point. The point at which access providers are interconnected.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6564343133" index="N">
<term><content-text>NAT</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Network address translation. The process of re-writing the source or destination address of IP packets as they pass through a router or firewall so multiple hosts on a private network can access the Internet using a single public IP address. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3354852146" index="N">
<term><content-text>netstat</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A command-line tool that displays incoming and outgoing network connection, routing tables, and various network interface statistics on UNIX and Windows operating systems.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1594070546" index="N">
<term><content-text>network</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A collection of computers, printers, routers, switches, or other devices that are able to communicate with each other over some transmission medium. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5292993685" index="N">
<term><content-text>network address</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The network layer address that refers to a logical, rather than a physical, network device. All network devices must have a unique address. An IP address is an example of a network address.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2441790353" index="N">
<term><content-text>network application</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Software installed on a network server and is accessible to multiple users.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2942021510" index="N">
<term><content-text>network client</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A node or software program that requests services from a server.<br/></p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6050456942" index="N">
<term><content-text>network device</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A computer, a peripheral, or other related communication equipment attached to a network.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6368717742" index="N">
<term><content-text>Network layer</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Layer three of the OSI model. It responds to service requests from the transport layer and issues service requests to the data link layer.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4713395844" index="N">
<term><content-text>NEXT</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>near end cross(X) talk. A measurement of crosstalk between pairs of wires. NEXT is measured near the transmitting end of the cable.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4677454005" index="N">
<term><content-text>NIC</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>network interface card. The interface between the computer and the LAN. The NIC is typically inserted into an expansion slot in a computer and connects to the network medium.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7644978064" index="N">
<term><content-text>NOC</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Network Operations Center. An organization responsible for maintaining a network.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7499409783" index="N">
<term><content-text>nonprofit organization</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A business entity that may offer products and service, but not for the purpose of earning a profit.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6510978928" index="N">
<term><content-text>nonvolatile memory</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Memory that retains content, such as configuration information, when a unit is powered off.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2269207540" index="N">
<term><content-text>NOS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>network operating system. An operating system designed to track networks consisting of multiple users and programs. A NOS controls packet traffic and file access, and provides data security. Types of NOS include LAN Manager, Novell NetWare, Sun Solaris, and Windows Server 2003.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4798979913" index="N">
<term><content-text>nslookup</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A command in UNIX and Windows used to find host information in Internet domain name servers.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6820240879" index="N">
<term><content-text>NTFS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>New Technology File System. A Windows file system designed to manage global and enterprise-level operating systems.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3133247120" index="O">
<term><content-text>octet</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A decimal number in the range of 0 to 255 that represents 8 bits.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7614825857" index="O">
<term><content-text>open</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Impedance that prevents data from travelling from one location to another.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3517871826" index="O">
<term><content-text>open mail relay</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>An SMTP server configured to allow anyone on the Internet to relay or send e-mail.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2904514999" index="O">
<term><content-text>OS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>operating system. Software program that performs general system tasks, such as controlling RAM, prioritizing the processing, controlling input and output devices, and managing files.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5432963415" index="O">
<term><content-text>OS/400</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Operating system for the AS/400 series of IBM computers. AS/400 is now System i, and OS/400 has been renamed i5/OS.<br/></p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8802815731" index="O">
<term><content-text>output device</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A device that displays or prints data that is processed by the computer.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2705618360" index="P">
<term><content-text>packet</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A logical grouping of information which includes a header that contains control information and usually user data. Packets are most often used to refer to network layer units of data.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5690615527" index="P">
<term><content-text>Palm OS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>PalmSource Inc. operating system. The operating system for various brands of personal digital assistants. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1873373557" index="P">
<term><content-text>partition</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>To divide memory or mass storage into isolated or logical sections. Once a disk is partitioned, each partition will behave like a separate hard drive.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7399697054" index="P">
<term><content-text>patch</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Software provided by the developer to update an application and improve usability or performance or to fix a problem. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9775828738" index="P">
<term><content-text>payload</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The portion of a frame that contains upper-layer information, such as the user data component.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1804483912" index="P">
<term><content-text>PCI</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Peripheral Component Interconnect. A 32-bit local bus slot that allows the bus direct access to the CPU for devices such as memory and expansion boards and allows the CPU to automatically configure the device using information that is contained on the device.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9485868126" index="P">
<term><content-text>PDA</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>personal digital assistant. Stand-alone, hand-held device with computing and communicating abilities.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4923972279" index="P">
<term><content-text>peripheral device</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A device in a computer system that is not part of the core computer system.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3272392888" index="P">
<term><content-text>phishing</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Fraudulent acquisition of sensitive information through the impersonation of a trustworthy source. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7865906611" index="P">
<term><content-text>ping</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A troubleshooting tool used to verify network connectivity by sending a packet to a specific IP address and waiting for the reply. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9238064525" index="P">
<term><content-text>ping of death</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>An attack that sent a malformed, malicious, or large pings with the intent to crash the target computer. This type of attack is no longer effective on current computer systems. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5762949199" index="P">
<term><content-text>pixel</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>picture element. An element that is the smallest part of a graphic image. Many pixels placed close together make up the image on the computer monitor.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8977890960" index="P">
<term><content-text>PnP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Plug and Play. Technology that allows a computer to automatically configure the devices that connect to it.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2342720378" index="P">
<term><content-text>Point of Presence</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Point of interconnection between the communication facilities provided by the telephone company and the main distribution facility of the building.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text>point of presence</content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4786997623" index="P">
<term><content-text>POP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Post Office Protocol. Protocol used when retrieving e-mail messages from a server.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2385675455" index="P">
<term><content-text>POP3</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Post Office Protocol version 3. An application-layer Internet standard that allows a local client to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6555344112" index="P">
<term><content-text>pop-under</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A variation of the popup window advertisement where a new browser window is opened behind the active window making the detection and source more difficult to determine. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8386495526" index="P">
<term><content-text>popup</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A form of online advertising designed to increase web traffic or capture e-mail addresses that displays when a user opens certain websites or clicks on specific links. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2555475303" index="P">
<term><content-text>popup blocker</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Software installed on a computer to block advertisements from displaying.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6788468373" index="P">
<term><content-text>power spike</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Sudden increase in voltage that is usually caused by lightning strikes.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6143160920" index="P">
<term><content-text>power supply</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Component that converts AC current to DC current used by a computer.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1878548759" index="P">
<term><content-text>power surge</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Increase in voltage significantly above the designated level in a flow of electricity.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7543581674" index="P">
<term><content-text>Presentation layer</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Layer seven of the OSI model. It responds to service requests from the application layer and issues service requests to the session layer.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2562438962" index="P">
<term><content-text>pretexting</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Fraudulent acquisition of sensitive information, primarily over the telephone, where an invented scenario persuades a target of legitimacy. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6337374113" index="P">
<term><content-text>Print Service</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Network service provided for clients that allows access to networked printers.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2934122834" index="P">
<term><content-text>printer</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Output device that produces a paper copy of the information that you create using the computer.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7237616672" index="P">
<term><content-text>private IP address</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>IP address that is reserved for internal network use only and cannot be routed on the Internet. The ranges for IP addresses are 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255, and 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3569428068" index="P">
<term><content-text>Protocol stack</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Software implementation of a computer networking protocol suite.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1560588980" index="P">
<term><content-text>prototyping</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The process of putting together a working model to test design aspects, demonstrate features, and gather feedback. Prototyping can help reduce project risk and cost.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1168726553" index="P">
<term><content-text>PSK</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>pre-shared key. A secret shared between the wireless AP and a client to control access on a network. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6574391394" index="P">
<term><content-text>PSTN</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Public Switched Telephone Network. Wired network that allows telephone calls to be made through both wired and wireless technologies and provides access to the Internet.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8868934961" index="P">
<term><content-text>public IP address</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>All IP addresses except those reserved for private IP addresses.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3172735731" index="P">
<term><content-text>punch down tool</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A spring-loaded tool used to cut and connect wires in a jack or on a patch panel.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5703056665" index="R">
<term><content-text>rack server</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Server designed to be installed in an equipment rack. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2781824208" index="R">
<term><content-text>RADIUS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>remote authentication dial in user service. An AAA (authentication, authorization, and accounting) protocol used for security applications, such as network access or IP mobility. It authenticates users and machines in both local and remote situations.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5559588024" index="R">
<term><content-text>RAM</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>random access memory. Volatile system memory for the operating software, application programs, and data in current use so that it can be quickly accessed by the computer's processor.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3642116088" index="R">
<term><content-text>real time</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Online at the same time or processed during actual time, not at a later time or date. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1766349933" index="R">
<term><content-text>receiver</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The intended destination for a message through a communication channel.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7372398650" index="R">
<term><content-text>redirector</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>An operating system driver that intercepts requests for resources within a computer and analyzes them for remote access requirements. If remote access is required to satisfy the request, the redirector forms a remote-procedure call (RPC) and sends the RPC to lower-layer protocol software for transmission through the network to the node that can satisfy the request.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8530772761" index="R">
<term><content-text>registered ports</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>TCP and UDP ports in the range of 1024-49151.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3311867209" index="R">
<term><content-text>RF</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>radio frequency. Electromagnetic waves generated by AC and sent to an antenna within the electromagnetic spectrum.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2712790403" index="R">
<term><content-text>RFC</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Request For Comments. A document series used as the primary means to communicate information about the Internet. Most RFCs document protocol specifications such as Telnet and File Transfer Protocol (FTP), but some are humorous or historical. RFCs are available online from numerous sources.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8892570769" index="R">
<term><content-text>RFI</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>radio frequency interference. High frequencies that create spikes or noise that interferes with information being transmitted across unshielded copper cabling.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7600108246" index="R">
<term><content-text>routing</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A process to find a path to a destination host. Routing is very complex in large networks because of the many potential intermediate destinations a packet might traverse before reaching its destination host.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2490466577" index="R">
<term><content-text>routing table</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A table stored in router memory, or another internetworking device, that tracks the routes to particular network destinations and, in some cases, metrics associated with those routes to determine where to send data</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7667700315" index="R">
<term><content-text>RTS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>request to send. Along with clear to send, is used by the 802.11 wireless networking protocol to reduce frame collisions introduced by the hidden terminal problem and exposed node problem.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5710096193" index="S">
<term><content-text>SATA</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Serial ATA. A computer bus technology designed for data transfer to and from hard disks and optical drives.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7118088205" index="S">
<term><content-text>security agent</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Software installed on servers and desktop computers that provides threat protection capabilities.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6817027491" index="S">
<term><content-text>security applicance</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Hardware device designed to provide one or more security measures on a network, such as a firewall, intrusion detection and prevention, and VPN services.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1011274759" index="S">
<term><content-text>security policy</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Documentation that details system, physical, and behavioral constraints in an organization. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3087056037" index="S">
<term><content-text>segment</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>In a computer network, a portion separated by a computer networking device such as a repeater, bridge, or router. In the OSI model, a PDU at the transport layer. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6220541520" index="S">
<term><content-text>sender</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The source of a transfer of data to a receiver.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1732769100" index="S">
<term><content-text>server</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A computer or device on a network used for network resources and managed by an administrator.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3644806594" index="S">
<term><content-text>service pack</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A collection of updates, fixes, or enhancements to a software program delivered as a single installable package.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7676791238" index="S">
<term><content-text>Session layer</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Layer five of the OSI model. It responds to service requests from the presentation layer and issues service requests to the transport layer.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3511407886" index="S">
<term><content-text>shell</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Software that creates a user interface. A shell provides the user access to the services of the operating system, and to web browsers and e-mail clients.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4887195339" index="S">
<term><content-text>shorts</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>An error in a cable caused by low resistance.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8890540945" index="S">
<term><content-text>site survey</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The process of evaluating a network solution to deliver the required coverage, data rates, network capacity, roaming capability, and Quality of Service.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8988827250" index="S">
<term><content-text>SLA</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>service level agreement. Contract that defines expectations between an organization and the service vendor to provide an agreed upon level of support.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6962081829" index="S">
<term><content-text>slammer</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A virus that targets SQL servers. Also known as W32.SQLExp.Worm, DDOS.SQLP1434.A, the Sapphire Worm, SQL_HEL, W32/SQLSlammer, and Helkern.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1957316494" index="S">
<term><content-text>SMTP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Required configuration that allows e-mail to be transmitted over the Internet. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1889974276" index="S">
<term><content-text>smurf attack</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A DoS attack that uses spoofed broadcast ping messages to flood a target computer or network.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6081130562" index="S">
<term><content-text>social engineering</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Techniques used by an attacker to manipulate unsuspecting people into providing information or computer system access.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9259291350" index="S">
<term><content-text>SOHO</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Small Office Home Office. A term used to define the general working environment of small businesses and home based businesses.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6524953179" index="S">
<term><content-text>sound card</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Computer expansion card that enables the input and output sound under control of computer programs.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6190673185" index="S">
<term><content-text>spam</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Unsolicited or junk e-mail messages sent to multiple recipients for either legitimate or fraudulent purposes. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9010755602" index="S">
<term><content-text>spam filter</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Software configured to capture suspicious e-mails before they are sent to a user's in-box.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5151810123" index="S">
<term><content-text>spoofing</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Similar to phishing, a person or program that masquerades as another to gain access to data and the network. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8783158162" index="S">
<term><content-text>spreadsheet</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A table of values arranged in rows and columns of cells used to organize data and calculate formulas.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3568259296" index="S">
<term><content-text>spyware</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A malicious program, typically installed without a user's knowledge or permission, designed to perform tasks such as capture keystrokes, for the benefit of the originator of the program.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2352310483" index="S">
<term><content-text>spyware protection</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A computer application designed to detect and remove spyware.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7608543529" index="S">
<term><content-text>SSID</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>service set identifier. The code assigned to a packet that designates that the communication is part of a wireless network. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8198584473" index="S">
<term><content-text>STA</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Abbreviation for STAtion, a basic network device. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8003440384" index="S">
<term><content-text>Stacheldraht</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Malware for Linux and Solaris systems that acts as a DDoS agent to detects and automatically enable source address forgery.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3282013068" index="S">
<term><content-text>stateful packet inspection</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A function of a stateful firewall that distinguishes legitimate packets and allows only those packets that match assigned attributes. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8768592958" index="S">
<term><content-text>static IP address</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>An IP address that is not obtained automatically, but is manually configured on a computer.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9190851404" index="S">
<term><content-text>storage device</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Hardware component, such as hard drive, CD drive, DVD drive, tape drive, used to permanently save data. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3624840852" index="S">
<term><content-text>Streaming audio</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Audio content that is continuously received by the end user.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8429870404" index="S">
<term><content-text>Streaming video</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Video content that is continuously received by, and normally displayed to, the end user.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4840328698" index="S">
<term><content-text>structured cabling system</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A uniform cabling system with standards defining the actual cable, cabling distances, type of cable and type of terminating devices.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3079371162" index="S">
<term><content-text>subnet mask</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A 32-bit address mask used in IP to indicate the bits of an IP address that are being used for the subnet address. The second group of numbers in an IP address.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text>Subnet mask</content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9603498332" index="S">
<term><content-text>surge protector</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Device used to regulate the supplied voltage by blocking or shorting to ground the voltage above a safe threshold.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2483264758" index="S">
<term><content-text>SYN flooding</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A type of DoS attack that sends multiple TCP/SYN packets, often with a forged sender addresses, reducing the ability of the server to respond to legitimate requests.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8784453585" index="S">
<term><content-text>system requirements</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Guidelines that should be met for a computer system to perform effectively.<br/></p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6247580920" index="S">
<term><content-text>system resources</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Components such as system memory, cache memory, hard disk space, IRQs and DMA channels used to manage applications. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3726474178" index="T">
<term><content-text>table PC</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A type of notebook computer with both a keyboard and an interactive LCD screen able to convert handwritten text into digitized text. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5644663924" index="T">
<term><content-text>TB</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Terabyte. Equal to 1,000 gigabytes</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5929306323" index="T">
<term><content-text>TCO</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>total cost of ownership. Estimate of direct and indirect costs related to the purchase of computer hardware and software.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4767085575" index="T">
<term><content-text>TCP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Transmission Control Protocol. Primary Internet protocol for the delivery of data. TCP includes facilities for end-to-end connection establishment, error detection and recovery, and metering the rate of data flow into the network. Many standard applications, such as e-mail, web browser, file transfer, and Telnet, depend on the services of TCP.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5232925380" index="T">
<term><content-text>TCP/IP model</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A layered abstract description for communications and computer network protocol design.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3720112192" index="T">
<term><content-text>Telnet</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Network protocol used on the Internet or a LAN to connect to remote devices for management and for troubleshooting.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1639649132" index="T">
<term><content-text>TFN</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>tribe flood network. A set of computer programs that conduct various DDoS attacks such as ICMP flood, SYN flood, UDP flood, and smurf attack.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3770988522" index="T">
<term><content-text>thick ethernet</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>An early form of coaxial cable using 10BASE5 for networking. Thick ethernet was once desirable because it could carry signals up to 1640 feet (500 m). Also called thicknet.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1529680719" index="T">
<term><content-text>thin ethernet</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A simple, thin, coaxial network cable for the 10BASE2 system. Thin Ethernet can carry a signal only 607 feet (185 m), but is much easier to work with than thicknet. Also called thinnet.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5262546798" index="T">
<term><content-text>throughput</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The rate at which a computer or network sends or receives data measured in bits per second (bps).</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8957948227" index="T">
<term><content-text>TIA</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Telecommunications Industry Association. An organization that develops standards that relate to telecommunications technologies. Together, the TIA and the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) have formalized standards, such as EIA/TIA-232, for the electrical characteristics of data transmission.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3155929008" index="T">
<term><content-text>top down</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A troubleshooting technique in a layered concept of networking that starts with the application or highest layer and works down.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3443956090" index="T">
<term><content-text>traceroute</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>UNIX/Linux utility that traces the route that a packet takes from source computer to destination host.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2686893216" index="T">
<term><content-text>trailer</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The control information appended to data when data is encapsulated for network transmission.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1315351581" index="T">
<term><content-text>transmitter</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A device used to connect the transmit cable to the network. The transmitter is used to broadcast electromagnetic signals such as radio and television.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8793437913" index="T">
<term><content-text>Transport layer</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Layer four of the OSI model. Responds to service requests from the session layer and issues service requests to the network layer. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4563059744" index="T">
<term><content-text>Transport protocol</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Protocol on the transport layer of the OSI model and TCP/IP reference model used to transfer data on a network.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9187516396" index="T">
<term><content-text>Trojan horse</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A program that appears harmless, but may actually allow hackers to gain access to the computer. Some types of Trojan horses may convince the user to run programs that are damaging to data on the computer.<br/></p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4164485543" index="T">
<term><content-text>troubleshooting</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A systematic process of eliminating potential causes of a problem used to fix a computer.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2238676964" index="U">
<term><content-text>unicast</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A message sent to a single network destination.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7065128929" index="U">
<term><content-text>Universal serial bus</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>An external bus standard that supports a data transfer rate of up to 480 Mbps. A single USB port can be used to connect up to 127 peripheral devices.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text>USB,USBs,usb,usbs,universal serial bus,Universal serial bus,Universal Serial Bus</content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4151264568" index="U">
<term><content-text>UNIX</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>UNIX is a multi-user, multitasking operating system originally developed in the 1960s and 1970s at Bell Labs. It is one of the most common operating systems for servers on the Internet.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2804744321" index="U">
<term><content-text>UOM</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Units of measurement.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4912072205" index="U">
<term><content-text>upgrade</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The replacement of hardware or software on a computer system with newer hardware or software.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3887081991" index="U">
<term><content-text>UPS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Backup devices designed to provide an uninterrupted power source in the event of a power failure. They are commonly installed on all file servers.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text>ups,upss,UPSs,uninterruptable power supply,uninterruptable power supplies,Uninterruptable Power Supply</content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6302482575" index="U">
<term><content-text>URL</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Uniform Resource Locator. An alpha/numeric string in a specific format that represents a device, file, or web page located on the Internet.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5980473025" index="U">
<term><content-text>USB</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Universal Serial Bus. External serial bus interface standard for the connection of multiple peripheral devices. USB can connect up to 127 USB devices at transfer rates of up to 480 Mbps, and can provide DC power to connected devices.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1198548903" index="V">
<term><content-text>Vertical application</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>An application program supporting one specific business process, such as payroll systems or CAD.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text>Vertical applications,vertical application,vertical applications</content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7497665623" index="V">
<term><content-text>Video card</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A circuit board plugged into a PC to provide display capabilities.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text>video card,video cards,Video cards,Video Card,Video Cards</content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4224563458" index="V">
<term><content-text>virtual machine</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Technique deployed on servers to enable multiple copies of an operating systems to run on a single set of hardware, thus creating many virtual machines, each one treated as a separate computer. This enables a single physical resource to appear to function as multiple logical resources. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2651510080" index="V">
<term><content-text>Virtual reality</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Technology in which a user interacts with a computer-generated environment. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text>VR,vr,Vr,VRs,vrs,Vrs,virtual reality,Virtual Reality</content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1739904637" index="V">
<term><content-text>virtualization</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A process that implements a network based on virtual network segments. Devices are connected to virtual segments independent of their physical location and their physical connection to the network.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4351952503" index="V">
<term><content-text>virus</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A self-replicating computer program that spreads by inserting copies of itself into other executable code or documents.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8063545205" index="V">
<term><content-text>virus scan</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Utility that checks all hard drives and memory for viruses.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6922747317" index="V">
<term><content-text>vishing</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Fraudulent acquisition of sensitive information through VoIP that terminates in a computer. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6096328106" index="V">
<term><content-text>VOD</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>video on demand. A system enabling a user to watch video on a network.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7971751373" index="V">
<term><content-text>VoIP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Voice over Internet Protocol. Technology that provides voice over the Internet.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4973764785" index="W">
<term><content-text>war driving</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The act of physically using a vehicle to search for Wi-Fi networks with a laptop or PDA equipped with detection software. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4624100160" index="W">
<term><content-text>wavelength</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The distance between two waves in a repeating pattern. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9709315800" index="W">
<term><content-text>web hosting</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Type of Internet hosting service which includes limited space on a server, used to post websites on the World Wide Web.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5712606375" index="W">
<term><content-text>well known ports</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>TCP and UDP ports in the range of 0-1023.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3257598922" index="W">
<term><content-text>WEP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Wired Equivalent Privacy. Part of the IEEE 802.11 wireless networking standard that provides a low level of security. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5744594845" index="W">
<term><content-text>WI-Fi</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Brand originally licensed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to define the embedded technology of a wireless network, and is based on the IEEE 802.11 specifications.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8824515126" index="W">
<term><content-text>WiMAX</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. A standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1596486678" index="W">
<term><content-text>Windows CE</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A version of the Microsoft Windows operating system designed for products such as handheld PCs and other consumer and commercial electronic devices.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg5677920972" index="W">
<term><content-text>Windows Mobile</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A compact operating system based on the Microsoft Win32 API that includes a suite of applications designed for mobile devices. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg6524838910" index="W">
<term><content-text>Windows Server</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Computer that runs a version of the Microsoft Windows Server operating system.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7421713474" index="W">
<term><content-text>Windows Vista</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>The Microsoft operating system after Windows XP, with upgraded security features. The GUI and visual style in Windows Vista are called Windows Aero.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9079627698" index="W">
<term><content-text>Windows XP</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Windows eXPerience. Microsoft operating system that was designed with more stability and user-friendly functionality than previous versions of Windows. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1283280959" index="W">
<term><content-text>WINS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Windows Internet Naming Service. Microsoft resolution protocol that converts NetBIOS names to IP addresses.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg1822234095" index="W">
<term><content-text>wireless bridge</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Physically connects two or more network segments using the 802.11 standard wireless technology in a point-to-point or point-to-multi-point implementation.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8770806077" index="W">
<term><content-text>wireless client</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Any host device that can connect to a wireless network.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2522633073" index="W">
<term><content-text>WLAN</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>wireless local area network. Two or more computers or devices equipped to use spread-spectrum technology based on radio waves for communication within a limited area.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9435291693" index="W">
<term><content-text>Word processor</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>An application to enable the word processing functions, such as page setup, paragraph and text formatting.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg7594831455" index="W">
<term><content-text>Workstation</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A workstation is a PC that is participating in a networked environment.<br/><br/> The term has also been used to refer to high-end computer systems for end users. For example, a CAD workstation is typically a powerful computer system with a large monitor suitable for graphics-intensive applications, such as CAD, GIS, and so on.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text>workstation,Workstations,workstations</content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg3585743969" index="W">
<term><content-text>WPA</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Wi-Fi Protected Access. Developed to address security issues in WEP. Provides higher level of security in a wireless network. </p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg2185858542" index="W">
<term><content-text>WWW</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>World Wide Web. A large network of Internet servers that provide hypertext and other services to terminals that run client applications such as a web browser.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg9921723246" index="Y">
<term><content-text>Yahoo</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>Internet-based company that provides a search engine, free e-mail, access to news, and links to shopping.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg8355256038" index="Z">
<term><content-text>z/OS</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A secure IBM 64-bit server operating system that is designed for continuous, high-volume use. z/OS runs Java, supports UNIX and uses TCP/IP.<br/></p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
<content-glossary id="cg4809944821" index="Z">
<term><content-text>ZigBee</content-text></term>
<definition><content-text><p>A suite of high-level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for WPANs. ZigBee operates in ISM radio bands: 868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz in the U.S., and 2.4 GHz worldwide.</p></content-text></definition>
<variations><content-text></content-text></variations>
<seealso><content-text></content-text></seealso>
</content-glossary>
</glossary>